North Dakota
Lwa federal la se minimòm nan toupatou. Chak eta bati sou li yon fason diferan: pèmi travay, règ sispansyon, kiyès ki konsidere kòm minè, kilè ou ka pre-enskri pou vote. Chwazi eta ou pou li baz federal la an premye, epi règ eta ou apre.
Travay lè ou adolesan
Lwa federal la fikse minimòm pou laj ak lè travay. Eta ou deside pèmi travay, limit pandan semèn lekòl, ak salè minimòm.
Lwa federal: aplike nan tout eta
Kòmanse isit la. Règ sa yo aplike kèlkeswa kote ou rete. Yon eta ka ajoute plis pwoteksyon sou yo; li pa ka retire yo.
Your first job: the rules that exist to protect you
Teen employment is one of the most heavily regulated areas of youth life, and one of the least explained. Hours, pay, and safety all have floors an employer cannot go below.
Jobs and tasks minors are not allowed to do, even with permission
Federal law bans people under 18 from a specific list of hazardous occupations. A parent's consent does not create an exception.
Working papers: what they are, and how to actually get them
Some states require a work permit before a minor can start a job. Whether you need one, and how to get it, depends entirely on your state.
Filing a workplace complaint: which agency handles what
Unpaid wages, unsafe conditions, and illegal child labor go to different government agencies. Knowing which one saves real time.
Sa North Dakota ajoute
Disiplin lekòl ak dwa elèv
Konstitisyon an ak lwa federal sou dwa sivil aplike nan tout lekòl. Eta ou ekri laj obligatwa pou ale lekòl, pwosesis sispansyon, ak règ kont entimidasyon.
Lwa federal: aplike nan tout eta
Kòmanse isit la. Règ sa yo aplike kèlkeswa kote ou rete. Yon eta ka ajoute plis pwoteksyon sou yo; li pa ka retire yo.
What student rights actually mean at school
Students keep their constitutional rights when they walk through the school doors, but those rights work differently inside a school than they do anywhere else. Here is the shape of that difference.
Due process before a suspension or expulsion: the Goss v. Lopez baseline
Before a school can suspend you, the Constitution requires a minimum: notice of what you're accused of, and a real chance to respond. Longer removals require more.
Beyond the backpack: how search rules differ for lockers, cars, and phones
The reasonable-suspicion standard from New Jersey v. T.L.O. is the starting point for school searches, but lockers, cars, and phone content don't all get treated the same way.
Bullying and discrimination: where school rules end and civil rights begin
Not every cruel thing that happens at school is a legal violation, and not every legal violation looks dramatic. The difference decides who has to act.
Sa North Dakota ajoute
Kontwòl lapolis ak tribinal pou minè
Dwa konstitisyonèl ou swiv ou lè ou travèse fwontyè yon eta. Se eta ou ki fikse kiyès ki konsidere kòm minè, ak ki pwoteksyon yon minè jwenn pandan entèwogasyon.
Lwa federal: aplike nan tout eta
Kòmanse isit la. Règ sa yo aplike kèlkeswa kote ou rete. Yon eta ka ajoute plis pwoteksyon sou yo; li pa ka retire yo.
“Am I free to leave?” — the question that defines a police encounter
Whether a conversation with an officer is voluntary or a detention changes what rules apply. One clear question is how you find out which one you are in.
Miranda warnings: when they actually apply, and when they don't
Television suggests officers must read you your rights the moment they approach. The real rule is narrower — and misunderstanding it leads people to say things they meant to keep to themselves.
How juvenile court is different from adult court
Different words, different goals, and a different set of protections. What the juvenile system is designed to do, and where its promises have limits.
Being questioned as a witness — and why that can change mid-conversation
“We just need your help with something that happened” is a genuine request sometimes and an opening question other times. The same protections apply either way.
Sa North Dakota ajoute
Sous ofisyèl North Dakota
Chak atik sou North Dakota ki anlè a site paj ajans, lwa, oswa tribinal li soti. Men paj sa yo, ranmase nan yon sèl kote.
- North Dakota Department of Labor and Human Rights: Youth Employment (ap louvri nan yon nouvo onglè)
- North Dakota Department of Labor and Human Rights: Wage and Hour FAQ (ap louvri nan yon nouvo onglè)
- U.S. Dept. of Labor: State minimum wage laws (ap louvri nan yon nouvo onglè)
- Legal Information Institute: United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100 (1941) (ap louvri nan yon nouvo onglè)
- North Dakota Legislative Branch: Century Code chapter 15.1-19, Students and safety (ap louvri nan yon nouvo onglè)
- North Dakota Legislative Branch: Century Code chapter 15.1-20, School attendance (ap louvri nan yon nouvo onglè)
- North Dakota Department of Public Instruction: Complaint (ap louvri nan yon nouvo onglè)
- Legal Information Institute: Goss v. Lopez, 419 U.S. 565 (1975) (ap louvri nan yon nouvo onglè)
- North Dakota Legislative Branch: Century Code chapter 27-20.2, Juvenile Court Act (ap louvri nan yon nouvo onglè)
- North Dakota Legislative Branch: Century Code chapter 27-20.4, Delinquency (ap louvri nan yon nouvo onglè)
- North Dakota Commission on Legal Counsel for Indigents: Home (ap louvri nan yon nouvo onglè)
- Legal Information Institute: In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967) (ap louvri nan yon nouvo onglè)
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