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A 15-year-old in Provo gets hired at a burger place near her school. Her manager asks for proof of her age, not a work permit. That is how Utah works. The state has no work permit system. Instead, Utah Code Title 34, Chapter 23 (Employment of Minors) tells public and private schools to give employers 'age certificates' when asked. An age certificate is a school record that shows a student's date of birth.
Hours if you are 14 or 15
Utah's limits for workers under 16 are the same as the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), the national law on wages and child labor. You can work up to 3 hours on a school day and up to 18 hours in a school week. On a day with no school, the limit is 8 hours, and in a week with no school it is 40 hours.
You cannot work before 7 a.m. or after 7 p.m. From June 1 through Labor Day, the evening limit moves to 9 p.m. You also cannot work during school hours unless your school allows it.
At 14, Utah law lists jobs like retail food service, janitorial work, and lawn care. Work at a gas station is allowed, but not driving cars or using hoists.
Hours if you are 16 or 17
Neither federal law nor Utah's chapter on minors sets a daily or weekly hours cap for 16- and 17-year-olds. The limit that stays is the type of work. No one under 18 may work in a job the U.S. Department of Labor calls hazardous, such as running certain power-driven bakery machines.
Utah also lets some 16- and 17-year-olds step outside the chapter completely. That covers a teen who has a high school diploma or a school release certificate, is married, or is head of a household, as long as the job would not endanger their health or safety.
Pay, and why Congress can set these rules
The U.S. Department of Labor lists Utah's basic minimum wage as $7.25 an hour, the same as the federal rate. Utah law allows the Labor Commission to set a lower minimum wage for minors. We could not confirm whether a current youth rate is in effect, so ask your employer in writing or check with the Labor Commission.
Federal child labor rules rest on a 1941 case. In United States v. Darby (1941), the U.S. Supreme Court held that Congress can set wage and hour rules for work tied to interstate commerce, and it overruled Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918), which had struck down an earlier federal child labor law.
Where to go if something is wrong
In Utah, child labor complaints go to the Division of Antidiscrimination and Labor, part of the Utah Labor Commission. The division can inspect a workplace, look at records, and fine an employer up to $500 per violation. The Labor Commission's main number is (801) 530-6800, and its office is at 160 East 300 South in Salt Lake City.
Utah law also says an employer cannot fire or threaten a worker for testifying in a child labor investigation. If your hours or pay look wrong, write down your shifts and pay dates first. Then call the division, with a parent or another trusted adult if you want one.
기억하세요
- Utah has no work permit. Your school can give your employer an age certificate showing your date of birth.
- At 14 and 15: 3 hours on a school day, 18 in a school week, and no work after 7 p.m. (9 p.m. from June 1 to Labor Day).
- At 16 and 17 there is no hours cap, but hazardous jobs stay off-limits until 18.
- Utah's minimum wage is $7.25. Complaints go to the Labor Commission's Division of Antidiscrimination and Labor at (801) 530-6800.
출처
- Utah Legislature: Utah Code Title 34, Chapter 23, Employment of Minors (새 탭에서 열림)
- U.S. Dept. of Labor: Fact Sheet #43, Child Labor Provisions for Nonagricultural Occupations (새 탭에서 열림)
- U.S. Dept. of Labor: State Minimum Wage Laws (새 탭에서 열림)
- Legal Information Institute: United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100 (1941) (새 탭에서 열림)
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